V.1

95 - 98

On clouds formation

On clouds formation

Dyna P. Borycenko-Karavashkina

This paper studies charge formation in the clouds caused by clouds motion in the magnetic field of Earth and explains some important points related to formation of cyclones and anticyclones, trade winds and typhoons.

Keywords: meteorology, cloud formation, Earth’s magnetic field, cyclones, anticyclones, trade winds, typhoons.

Classification by PASC 2001: 91.40.Dr, 92.60.Ek, 92.60.Gn, 92.60.Jq, 92.60.Mt, 92.60.Nv, 92.60.Pw

Clouds! How much was said and written about them! They bring the life-giving moisture to the soil, protecting us of drought and hunger. And they come down upon us lightnings and downpours, hails, tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons. Where such calm clouds suddenly take so terrible power? Unfortunately, we still do not know it.

Thinking the clouds to be only an aggregate of least droplets of water, we cannot grasp, why these droplets fly long in the air while water is almost 900 times heavier. This is one of cloud paradoxes, and the second is, why do not the cloud water droplets freeze even at - 40^o C?

The versatile shape of clouds also is one of their mysteries.

96

We cannot grasp why they sometimes spread in a thin layer on a tremendous area, like a misty kissel, or suddenly break into separate parts, and now each grows not in width but in height. We wonder, why clouds long time hang above us, hiding the sun and giving no drop of much-expected rain – or rain long time.

According to the international classification, we can differ 50 kinds of clouds, but by some reason only two – strato-nimbi and cauliflower-nimbi – can cause precipitations. And again, why these first even in winter sow fine rain or fluffy snow, while these second in most hot days precipitate sleet, hail and large drops of rain?

This paper will describe my own hypothetical views on these matters.

1. Of what clouds consist?

The commonly seen fact of clouds transformation from one kind into another speaks of the common nature of cloudy masses of all kinds. We used to think them consisting of smallest droplets of water formed due to the vapour condensation. But then we may not even speak of probability of balance in the drop weight and air buoyancy. What in this case suspends these drops in the air? Upgoing airstream? Hardly. In the atmosphere and in the very clouds we often see also downgoing streams that would fast settle the cloud out onto the earth, which we never see in nature.

Let us ask the rainbow that always gladdens us with beauty and good news that the storm is over.

97

Actually, why the rainbow arises only in clouds just stopped storming? Neither before the storm nor some time after, in no other kinds of clouds, even in strato-nimbi, we never see it. Why?

The rainbow is commonly known to be the dispersion of white sunlight into the spectrum. In the cloud, fine water prisms – water droplets – disperse it. Just so we see the rainbow in the spout water fog. Each droplet results from the water dispersion. This points us that the clouds in which the rainbow does not form, when the after-storm sunlight causes it, do not consist of finest water droplets. Only after a storm there can form a corpuscular fog and rainbow.

Volinsky [1] explains, why the corpuscular fog in the after-storm clouds forms. Liquid drops fast flying in the air can lose their spatial stability and disperse into finest drops. This effect is the more and drops are less the larger and faster are initial drops. Such conditions can take place only in stormy clouds where drops are large and fall from several-kilometres height, so they can gain enough speed to be dispersed.

We can premise, the rainbow does not arise in the cloud because its drops are smaller than those resulting from large drops dispersion. But this is not so. These first can be about dozens of microns, while these second – a part of micron.

98

The cause is rather not the drop size but considerable distinction in the structure of cloud components from mere corpuscular structure.

Clouds do not consist of drops; this is corroborated by the rainbow short-living: the drops fast precipitate and the rainbow disappears. But clouds can consist of mere vapour, as the vapour is trice lighter than the air and its place would be there where it almost never is – in the higher atmosphere. Thus, some intermediate process precedes the condensation and creates a mixed stable structure of vapour and liquid water.

I would suggest to study the vapour granulation: how the vapour granules with the surface water film are formed. Such hypothesis some adds to the conventional conception of vapour condensation due to forming in it a large number of clusters of bonded molecules. If the number of grouped molecules was conventionally unlimited, now we have to think it strongly limited. If we thought the groups shapeless, now the granules surrounded by a water film will be spherical. And we supposed the molecular clusters forming around the condensation nuclei; the granules formation does not require such stipulation, as this is an independent process. Moreover, just the formed granules will become the condensation nuclei for the moisture.