SELF

O. N. Karavashkina and S. B. Karavashkin.

24

Some aspects of the Earth evolution

See the natural analogues of considered axially symmetrical bodies in Fig. 1.6.

a)  the conglobate stellar association 47 Tuckane, such structures are also typical for central areas of galaxies [31, p. 337];

b)  the conglobate stellar association Pleiades [20, p. 110, Fig. 93 b];

c)  the typical shape of elliptic galaxy [20, p. 123, Fig. 105];

d)  the butt appearance of spiral galaxy NGC 4594 [32, p. 60, Fig. 21];

e)   the butt appearance of spiral galaxy NGC 4565 [32, p. 56, Fig. 19].

Fig. 1.6. Natural analogues of MacLoren spheroids:

However the separated rings stability is not the only issue, and in view of accumulated knowledge not the most principal. No less important is the problem of composition of rings. If some body loses an outer ring, the material of this ring will usually consist of the elements of its photosphere, the heavy matter that builds the planets will be absent. Though the known data of a protoplanet nebula composition tell of the excess of elements, already inherent not in the photosphere. "Below we present the logarithms of relative abundance of different chemical elements for some 'average' planetary nebula (see Table 1). In the lower line we give the corresponding abundance for the plasma of Sun atmosphere. With it, the logarithm of hydrogen abundance is 12.

Table 1

We can see a high abundance of carbon (5 times more than on the Sun). Possibly, this is due to the conditions of planetary nebulas formation" [19, p. 48]. Thus, following the Kant and Laplace hypotheses, in the internal area of the nebula there must be present all elements which we find in the Earth, Moon, Mars and Venus, but the table says opposite again. There is no such spectrum in planetary nebulas. Even such important "building element" as silicon is absent, though we track in stars spectra many spectral lines of "heavy" elements. "Although the chemical composition of stars in a first approximation is similar, there exist stars showing definite features in this relation. For instance, there exist stars containing anomalous amount of carbon, or there occur the wonderful objects with the anomalous content of rare-earth. The overwhelming majority of stars has absolutely negligible abundance of lithium (10 ^-11 part of hydrogen), but sometimes we find the 'unique objects' where this element is quite abundant… There happen stars in whose spectra we find the lines of technetium which does not exist on the Earth in 'natural' state. This element has no one stable isotope… Such astonishing anomaly in chemical composition has a meaning that in outer layers of these yet much enigmatic stars the nuclear reactions occur and cause them producing the technetium" [19, p. 18- 19].