V.3 No 1

27

Chapter 1. Hypotheses of the Earth origin

V.G. Fesenkov took the same side as Hayashi. He calculated that accretion heating of the Earth could reach 10 000 ^oC [34, p. 15]. Such redistribution of the substance in heating is actually regular and experimentally replicable. However it would be hardly substantiated to think the main source of depths heating to be the meteorite strokes, while seeing everywhere that their absolute majority gives its energy already to the atmosphere - and after Hayashi, it was much denser than nowadays. We can add to these discrepancies, should the Earth accretion heating be up to 10 000 ^oC, the once removed primary atmosphere could not form again from the depths in such considerable amount, and let us take into account a great amount of oxygen in water that in such scenario could form only when the secondary atmosphere has originated.

Getting over the discrepancies of basic conceptions, two centuries after Kant and Laplace, Hoyl (1960) used Plateau's, Darwin's and Poincare's developments and solved a part of contradictions described by Darwin, by way of introducing a gradual compression of nebula with its rotation. The compression served the spin acceleration, which in its turn led to the rotation instability, when the centrifugal forces from the Sun equator caused the substance emanation that produced a protoplanet cloud in the equatorial plane. "Assume, the Protosun had a strong magnetic field, and the substance of protoplanet cloud at least partly had their gas ionised. In such case, in this gas its natural magnetic field appears and interacts with the magnetic field of Protosun. Between the disk and central bunch, a strong magnetic bond results and causes the substance of disk spreading away from the centre, first of all over the entire Sun system, while the Protosun, losing its angular momentum, goes on contracting and finally turns into a contemporary, slowly rotating Sun. After F. Hoyl, this means the magnetic deceleration of the rotating Protosun by the surrounding nebula will lead to the transfer of the angular momentum from Protosun to the cloud, and consequently, to the planets condensed from it. This keen scheme, explaining the distribution of angular momentum between the Sun and planets, needs however its own further substantiation. The calculations show that the hot stars atmosphere is intensely convective, and almost whole their magnetic field is located inside the star. It means, if the Protosun was hot, it could not magnetise the protoplanet cloud. Otherwise the magnetic field of a star 'drives up to speed' the protoplanet cloud so fast that the protoplanet disk simply is late to form and take an essential part of angular momentum" [35, p. 41].

Some otherwise V.A. Atsukovsky presents the protoplanet nebula formation in his basic monograph "General etherodynamics" [37, p. 231- 253]. He takes as an underpinning of his hypothesis his theory of aether as the gas-like substructure of matter (considering protons as tore-like vortexes, and electrons as smaller, added vortexes of aether). Atsukovsky concludes that the temperature difference of vortexes emanating from the galaxy nucleus (colder substance) and free, non-vortex aether of the medium (warmer substance) creates the pressures difference, which causes the gravity centres origin. This causes the avalanche origin of stars and swirls them by the aether flow velocity gradient (see Fig. 1.9).

Fig. 1.9. Motion along the alternating-pitch spiral:

(a) aether motion in a spiral sleeve of galaxy;

(b) motion of water when the sink is in an opening [37, p. 241].

"As in any gas stream, a boundary layer forms on its surface, and it has the velocity gradient (see Fig. 1.10 a). The star that formed in the central region of galaxy will be involved to this boundary layer, as the pressure from the gradient flow will be less. The fact that the stars in spiral sleeves of Galaxy are located at the periphery of sleeves corroborates it. Thus, any star that felt into the boundary layer of spiral sleeve will appear under affection of the aethereal flow having the velocity gradient, which will make it spinning, and the axis of spinning will be perpendicular to the velocity and gradient (Fig. 1.10 b)" [37, p. 241].

Fig. 1.10. The star swirling in a boundary layer of the Galaxy spiral sleeve [37, p. 241]:

a)  the gradient flow of aether;

b)  the star swirling by the aether wind.

At the early stage of Sun evolution, when the centrifugal force and gravity force of Sun had a ratio, after Atsukovsky, about 100 (now he indicates it as 2*10 ^-2 , i.e., this process is already impossible), the planets could origin from the Sun under the tidal force of the aether wind (see Fig. 1.10), and similarly, the planet satellites could form of the planet clots of matter, in full accordance with the above Darwin's tidal hypothesis of the Moon formation of the Protoearth clot. As the Sun diameter is well less than diameters of the planet orbits, the planets undergo much more velocity gradient of the flowing along aether, i.e. "the orbital momentum of planets will grow much more effective than that of Sun… Thus, the value of orbital momentum of the planets motion will quite regularly exceed that of Sun. Accordingly, we can explain the planets and their satellites rotation in the straight direction" [37, p. 245]. " It is difficult to explain the opposite fact - the group of small satellites of Jupiter (VIII, IX and XII), Phoebe of Saturn and Triton of Neptune have not direct but reverse rotation. Basically, if we suppose that in the surface layer of Jupiter and Neptune at the moment of their satellites origin the velocity circulation conserved, this fact gets its explanation too. However this requires to be specially studied" [37, p. 245]. Notwithstanding, if we look attentively at the Fig. 1.10 from the Atsukovsky's work, we will see there a whole number of basic issues, above the "irregular" direction of the planets and satellites. One of them is connected with the aethereal wind intensity able to "blow away" from the star a considerable part of its envelop. Taking into account that there in the planets are present the chemical elements up to transuranic, we should suppose that the aethereal wind "blows away" not only and not so much the part of photosphere, but also the deep layers, and this makes considerable difficulties to explain the process.