V.3 No 1

57

Chapter 2. Hypothesis of origin of planetary system (part 1)

Fig. 2.4. Globules - little, black, very dense gas-dust nebulae. There are seen also spherical clusters of lighter substance [5, p. 130, Fig. 109].

In Fig. 2.4 we can see the image of very dense dark nebulae - "globules"; they show the presence of gas-consolidating force. Such globules long time suggested an idea that these are protostellar consolidations. Later there appeared observation data, protostars flash just in such consolidations. For example, in Fig. 2.5 Shklovsky schematically showed the star formation cluster in the Serpens nearby which Kepler in 1604 observed the supernova explosion. These stars are yet invisible in optic spectrum, but in infrared we clearly see about 70 protostellar sources. We see, in full agreement with the conventional model, how in the arbitrarily shaped cloud the density (opaqueness) increases, and stars form where it is maximal. It is understandable that during only 300 years and due only to the shock wave, stars could not lighten. We can conclude that the cloud already existed and the star formation occurred, the shock wave only stimulated simultaneous lightening of the star collective; the general shape of cluster even keeps the shape of initiating front. We see also three smaller regions of high density - apparently, these are three regions of future star formation.

Fig. 2.5. The light absorption curves (isophotes of absorption) in the dark cloud in Serpens constellation. Dark blue denotes minimal absorption, and dark green - that maximal. Black points denote the sources of infrared radiation that are yet invisible in the optic spectrum - supposed assemblage of protostars that are born in the nebula, and red crosses denote the optically seen stars [1, p. 94, Fig. 28].

Twenty years ago, in times of Shklovsky, one could only dream of digital photographs of stars formation with such resolution as is possible now, as for example the protostars shown in Fig. 2.6.

Fig2.6. Dual wavelength images of the young protostellar candidate L1551-IRS5 and L1551-NE. The 850 mm image is at the top with the 450 image underneath. Copied from [6], http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/research

All images of this series in their amount make a stable impression that we observe the star condensation from the gas-dust clouds. However, is it physically trustworthy? Which regularities control this process? Let us consider this impressive pattern in more details.