V.3 No 1

65

Chapter 2. Hypothesis of origin of planetary system (part 1)

Such is the way of thermoelectrons existence in the protostar. In its generality, thermoelectrons create in this way some turbulent electronic cocoon acting in quite wide limits and being, in essence, the generalised electron cloud around the proton cluster in the protostar core. The spatial distribution of density of this electron cloud at this stage is approximately in inverse proportion to the thermogradient, with the maximal electron density at the conventional boundary of dipole located somewhere inside the electronic cocoon of protostar. With it a small part of electrons remains in the core and participates, as we will show below, in some thermonuclear reactions. This is caused by the fact that each emitted electron increases the potential barrier of the core. As the result, the balance of electron emission will be determined by the energy of electrons able to get over the growing potential barrier. Thus, general charge of emitted electrons will be proportional to the temperature of core, and consequently, to the level of thermonuclear reactions occurring in the protostellar (and stellar) core, and to the mass of core. This balance is at the same time the condition of stability of core of the protostar and star. If due to some cause this balance were broken, and the core would have much more positive charge than negative, and this charge cannot be fast compensated from the electron cloud, the core would destroy.

Thus, the protostar at the before-flash stage is the spherical dipole, whose boundaries but not the optically visible disk are real boundary of the star. Within these limits, the charged particles are polarised along the radius. Really, the measurements of protostellar clouds polarisation show their substance oriented towards the local centres of polarisation being the centres of star formation, as it is distinctively seen in Fig. 2.14. Furthermore, the said is indirectly corroborated by the fact that in the nebula of supernova the polarisation observations do reveal the polarisation of radiation of the "amorphous mass" of gas - and the phenomenon of supernova is just the case when the substance of exterior region of star becomes observable and gives us a possibility to see the substance behaviour both in exterior and deep layers. (Later, when considering the explosions, we will see that this polarisation is natural, not acquired in the extraordinary situation of the burst).

Fig. 2.14. Submillimetre polarisation map of the Serpens molecular cloud, showing field components lying along the filaments, and a complex structure around the most evolved young stellar objects in the southern part of the cloud (Davis et al. 1999). Copied from [6] http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/research