SELF

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S.B. Karavashkin and O.N. Karavashkina

3. The problems of description of the metagalactic red shift on the basis of Doppler effect

In the above analysis we showed that, if we ground on the Doppler shift conception, we establish the unambiguous relation between the Hubble law (1) and regularity (3) of the velocity of galactic scattering from some centre of the supposed Big Bang. With it, if additionally noting the non-zero velocity at the point of Big Bang, we will be able to take into account the anisotropy of the red shift, but it will essentially change the Hubble law.

It would be easy to show that namely this connection of regularities contains the main, from the physical view insurmountable, problem of description on the basis of the Doppler effect.

To understand it, let us record again the first expression of (3):

As in the Metagalactic reference frame the observer  A (doing not taking into account the peculiar velocities) moves directly from the centre  O   (Fig. 2),

Substituting (35) into (34), we yield

The solution of differential equation (36) will be

where r_AB   is some location of the observer at the instance t₀ ;   t   is the time interval reading from t₀ . We see from (37) that the distance from the point of Big Bang exponentially grows. This visually reveals if we use not (34) but (26), where the presence of v₀  at the point O   has been taken into account. Then the differential equation will take the following form:

The solution of this equation will be

If we adhere to the idea of Big Bang and set r_A = 0  at t = 0 , then

Substituting to (40) some real estimating values of the parameters H₀ = 60 km/s^.Mpc; H₀' = [60/30,8*10 ¹⁸] =1,95*10 ^-18   s^-1; v₀ = 300 km/s and r_A = 10,8 Mpc for our Galaxy, we yield the value of time from the beginning of the Metagalaxy scattering as

years,

which is discrepant to the other studies of the time processes in the Universe. "The massif stars develop during few million years, Sun-like stars - during 7-8 milliard years, and red dwarfs - during 10 ¹⁰ - 10 ¹¹  years" [10, p. 489].

But the main problem which appears with (41) is, in accordance with (41) the age of star systems would have to be dependent on the distance from the centre O , since T₀  linearly depends on r_A , and the more  r_A  is the more  T₀   is. Thus, observing the stellar systems from the supposed centre of the Metagalaxy to the periphery, the astronomers would have a possibility to watch the chronological evolution of the stellar matter, because in accordance with (41), the peripheral galaxies had to form well before our Galaxy and to fly away from the centre of the Big Bang with the acceleration growing in time. This, again, is discrepant as to observed data. The red dwarfs location is not limited by the periphery, and the young galaxies location - by the near region of the Metagalaxy. But the main, the dependence of the age of stellar systems on the distances contradicts the very hypothesis of the Big Bang, since it evidences not simultaneous origin of the stellar matter. According to (41), all galaxies that are distanced less than to 10,8 Mpc have to be younger than our Galaxy, and the more younger the less they are distanced from the supposed point of Big Bang. Thus, connecting the Hubble law with the Doppler effect, we on one hand immediately establish the presence of some centre of scattering of galaxies, but on the other hand we suppose that at this centre the new substance is permanently produced. Otherwise we would see some quite vast region of the Metagalaxy free of substance, as since the time when the galaxies began to scatter, all the substance would long ago leave this region. But again, we never observed such peculiar region. The galaxies are distributed in the Metagalaxy more or less evenly. Indeed, we could suppose that a part of galaxies still did not leave the Big Bang region, but then for this very large assemblage of galaxies the Hubble law would not be true, as they would not have the directed velocity. Rather, in this case we might speak of the Hubble law only for the peripheral galaxies, while the red shift is mostly studied in the near and middle region of the Metagalaxy.

If we agree that the substance originates in the BB region not all at once but permanently, such large-scale process would select this region on the celestial sphere - but again, we do observe nothing of the kind.

One more considerable contradiction follows from (40). This is caused by the growing acceleration of galaxies to the periphery of the Metagalaxy. Actually, immediately from (40) it follows:

This also contradicts the physical concepts, as the gravity system of such large scale would strongly have to have a retarding power of mutual gravitational affection of the total mass of the Metagalaxy. The more if the centre of the Metagalaxy would, as we indicated above, permanently produce a new stellar matter.

The revealed discrepancies show that despite the outward self-consistency of the mathematical computations, the corollaries do not agree with the amount of the observed phenomena and the physics of processes in the Universe. This disables us to use the Doppler effect as the basis in order to model the metagalactic red shift.

With this conclusion, the question raises again: is it possible to describe consistently the metagalactic red shift, using the premise of transformation of the wavelength of EM radiation in space?