SELF

48

S.B. Karavashkin and O.N. Karavashkina

Actually, given the synchrotron radiation is always localised "in a narrow cone with the opening angle

(m  and E  are the mass and full energy of the particle, and c  is the light velocity)" [27, p. 538], in the occasional magnetic fields whose presence the authors of this conception suppose, the cones distribution has to smooth, given the fields are occasional, which is inadequate to the smooth relatively the source. We should take into account that, for example, in the Galaxy the main field is parallel to its plane. "The amount of observations shows that the Galaxy has a large-scale magnetic field encompassing the entire Galaxy and parallel to its plane. The regular component of this field nearby the Sun is 0,21+/- 0,05 nanotesla (2,1 +/- 0,05 microgauss); it is oriented approximately along the spiral sleeves. Judging by the radio background of Galaxy in its central parts, the field can be stronger. On the regular field there are superimposed the inhomogeneities with the main gauge 100 pc and magnetic inductance 0,3 nanotesla (3 microgauss). The spectrum on inhomogeneities (their distribution in size) seems to stretch far towards the smaller gauge, however we still have the lack of observed data to study the small inhomogeneities of the field experimentally" [28, p. 152]. Taking into account that in case of synchrotron radiation "the magnetic field serves as the 'retarding agent' warping the trajectory of the particle" [27, p. 538], the relativistic electrons radiated by the stellar systems of Galaxy will experience different conditions as to the observer on the Earth. This would be the reason, why some regions of the diagram would be dark for us, as the radiation cones would be directed from us, and the scattering ability of interstellar gas is minimal. In order the isophotes localisation to have the same structure in all the longitude of diagrams in Fig. 12, the averaged magnetic fields have to have the form of central fields around the Galaxy stars, as in Fig. 14, and additionally there have to be the fields directed oppositely to the galactic equator. Such complicated field structure is, of course, unrealisable, the more that, as we saw above, the Galaxy magnetic field has basically other structure.

In the quantitative estimation of radiation in the conception of synchrotron radiation, there also arise great problems. Shklovsky gives the estimation for a relativistic electron "with the energy E = 10⁹   electron-volt corresponding to the energy of soft cosmic rays" [20, p. 228]. At the field strength H 10 ^-5  Tesla (three order higher than that observed!), the frequency of synchrotron radiation is 10⁸   Hz, "which corresponds to the wavelength = 3  m. This is a typical band of Galactic radio waves" [ibidem]. Doing not discussing the correspondence of the used values of parameters, which has to be the density and stability of the flow of these relativistic electrons, to provide the radio waves radiation in the entire volume of interstellar gas during very long, in astronomic scale, time? In accordance to Shklovsky, "the quantum energy of the optic range amounts 2- 3 electron-volt, and the quanta of radio range have the energy hundreds thousands and millions times less" [20, p. 257]. Of course, when we speak of some external region of a supernova or of the Crab Nebula, there will be provided all necessary conditions for synchrotron radiation, up to the X-rays and higher, but in the interstellar gas such conditions are unreal.

The reason of inexactitude of the conventional physical interpretation is, the regularity of the luminescence output is very alike the curve of the frequency spectrum of synchrotron radiation. To show it, in Fig. 15a we repeat the plot of the luminescence output after Vavilov which we gave before in Fig. 10, and in Fig. 15b we present the plot of typical spectrum of synchrotron radiation of a relativistic electron taken from [27, p. 281, Fig. 3]. Of course, such likeness of plots, with using the known technique of 'fitting' coefficients, allows to obtain the result, associative with the observations, despite the improper statement of problem. So, only grounding on the estimation of interstellar gas radio wave radiation on the entire set of existing information and knowledge, we can find that the luminescent nature of this phenomenon allows to construct much more exact and consistent pattern of processes. Though, again, under other conditions in the universe, the synchrotron radiation will really take place.