V.3 No 1

47

On the nature of red shift of Metagalaxy

This also evidences that the super-thin structure of the atoms of interstellar gas is quite complex, as it is susceptible to the strong influence of temperature fluctuations, inhomogeneity of the gas constitution, Zeeman effect etc. And though, from the viewpoint of Earth conditions of the luminescence excitation, the amplitude of these fluctuations is small, the metastable level of hydrogen is also located too close to the non-excited level, which makes the influence of fluctuations essential. One of its consequences is the spectral line broadening.

To illustrate the said, we present in Fig. 13 the 21 cm line profiles taken from [20, p. 45, Fig. 15]. We can see in them the falling intensity of the radio wave radiation in both directions from the spectral line, which is typical just for the stochastic processes. However Shklovsky relates this broadening to the Doppler effect: "The matter is, the atoms of interstellar neutral hydrogen which radiate this line participate in several motions; by the reason of Doppler effect this causes the line broadening. The atoms of interstellar gas, first, have the heat velocities corresponding to their kinetic temperatures; second, the separate clouds of interstellar gas move as the whole with the velocity about 10 km/s. Finally, the interstellar gas, the same as stars, takes its part in the galactic rotation. The velocity of galactic rotation is quite large - nearby the Sun it is about 200 km/s, and the rotation itself has quite complicated, not at all 'solid-body' pattern" [20, p. 44]. As Shklovsky calculated, to explain this broadening on the account of Doppler effect, we would need the velocity of the order +/- 100 km/s. But these velocities are comparable with the velocity of the flow of high-energy particles - for example, in the bursts on the Sun. "The bursts on the Sun cause more powerful flows. The flow moves with the velocity 400- 1000 km/s" [21, p. 54]. At the same time Shklovsky admitted the low kinetic temperature of interstellar gas which cannot be consistent with the mentioned velocities of hydrogen atoms. But if we speak of the motion of clouds as the whole, this would cause the spectral line shift, not broadening. Such broadening can be only a consequence of the influence of fluctuations on the parameter comparable in its value with the fluctuations; this fully correspond to the above described model of spontaneous luminescence.

The following fact also effects on the broadening band of the interstellar gas. The studied line 21 cm is not the only super-thin structure causing such type of fluorescence. "As long ago as in 1948 the author of this book (Shklovsky - Authors) drew his attention that in the radio range of Galaxy we should expect the line of the heavy isotope of hydrogen with the wavelength about 92 cm. Only 24 years after this weak line was detected" [20, p. 51]. We should expect such super-thin structure also in other components of interstellar gas at the conditions of super-high rarefaction and low kinetic temperature. This all will, on one hand, average the velocity of light frequency variation with the distance, and on the other it will lead to the radiation at a wide range of radio waves.

We have to emphasise that, studying the luminescence of rarefied gases, we do not try to show this issue so that this phenomenon is able to explain all processes occurring in the universe, as well as we do not try to state that all the radio wave radiation in the universe is the consequence of the described radio luminescence. The diversity of phenomena, conditions and revelations just cause so complicated pattern which many generations of scientists endeavour to decode. But in the specific case of radio wave radiation of interstellar gas, neither synchrotron effects nor plasma oscillations with whose help this effect is now tried to be explained cannot be accepted as the reason, though a number of their revelations makes a misleading pattern similar to the observed. None the less, it is easy to show that with the mentioned mechanisms of radiation we would not have the above salient features of the presented isophotes.