V.5 No 1

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Chapter 2. Hypothesis of origin of planetary system (part I1)

Let us continue our analysis of general regularities of structural evolution of galaxies, noting the following. The more massive system and higher speed of its rotation, and the higher extent of charge separation for the positive nucleus and negative periphery, the more intensively massive substance (positively charged component) is drained to the arms. And, as we showed in [14], there can be several arms, dependently on the quantity of nuclei in multiple systems and on relation of gravity and electric forces (the centres of resulting vectors of both forces sometimes are so distanced in space that they form different arms [14]). The negative arms in simple single systems always are as if the mirror reflections of those positive. In Fig. 2.26 we see two examples of double systems with two dim arms along fronts of field maximums and two sharply expressed massive arms contouring the anti-fronts of dynamic field (in the magnified central part of galaxy NGC 3393 in Fig. 2.26c, the axis between nuclei is about 40 degrees to the horizontal axis of the image). The negatively charged arms are not so much distinctively expressed, as they consist of light particles, - and, actually, hydrogen in these regions is ionised just by plenty electrons [1, p. 45]. Shklovsky calls them 'photoelectrons'; today we know, these are thermoelectrons of the galactic nucleus. The image (a) shows a very typical detail: the arms of multiple systems corresponding to each nuclei are balancing each other and the mechanical structure of the galaxies. Another example is the spiral galaxy NGC 6945 (Fig. 2.26d) in which the formed stars already left the arms and visually some blurred the arms. The negative image (e) shows all the space around the nucleus filled with the substance, its concentration is only higher in the arms. Double systems are of our special interest, as in our Galaxy we see also two massive star-forming arms.

a                                                                  b

c

d                                                                                e

Fig. 2.26. The coming into being galaxy NGC 3393: sharply expressed arms in the positive image (a), http://heritage.stsci.edu/gallery/bwgallery/index.shtml ; vortex structure and true volume of the nebula are better seen in the negative image (b); in the magnified central part of the galaxy (c) two nuclei of the system are clearly seen; and fully formed spiral galaxy NGC 6945 in positive (d) and negative (e), SCUBA 850mm scan-map of the Whirlpool Galaxy (NGC 6945). Image courtesy of Remo Tilanus (JAC). http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/research